Driven by advanced technology, conventional work styles requiring high labor intensivity have shifted toward less physical interaction. Employers and employees no longer need to be under the same roof, which was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to these changes, labor–management relations have become more complex and challenging. The rise of remote work and flexibility, […]
Organic agriculture is a holistic production management system that promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles, and soil health. This is achieved using agronomic, biological, and mechanical methods, as opposed to synthetic materials, to meet specific needs within the system. To address global challenges such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and food security, […]
The informal economy encompasses all economic activities carried out by workers and economic units that are either not covered or insufficiently covered by formal regulations, whether in law or practice. In many APO members, a significant proportion of workers and businesses operate within the informal sector. According to the 2024 APO report, Informality, Productivity, and […]
Social resilience is the ability of human communities to withstand external shocks, such as environmental variability or social, economic, or political upheaval, and to recover effectively from such disruptions (Adger, W. N., 2000). These upheavals affect all communities but in different ways. Extreme weather events and long-run climate change disproportionately affect the incomes of rural […]
Women are almost half of the agricultural workforce in developing countries. Based on a report by the UN World Food Program, it is estimated that 60% of people who are food insecure worldwide are women and girls. Inequality makes it harder to increase productivity and reduce poverty and hunger. It also undermines progress toward sustainable […]
