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PART I. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (Pages 30)

Twenty-five participants from 14 countries participated in the workshop. The participants represented a broad range of public- and private sector organizations, all engaged in some manner with the environmental management of industrial estates.

The resource presentations addressed four principle areas, including conceptual framework for GP and eco-industrial development, new trends in planning and development of industrial estates,  management of existing industrial estates; and promoting and marketing environmentally sustainable industrial estates.

Rather than merely offering the laundry list s of the problems,  the country papers offer clear direction on how to overcome these challenges.

Participants reported that the Symposium broadened their previously narrow understanding of general GP and environmental management concepts and environmental management concepts and methods.

PART II: RESOURCE PRESENTATIONS

• Issue Areas For Eco-Industrial Development (Pages 4)
• Introduction To Green Productivity Concepts In The Context Of Industrial Estates (Pages 11)
• An Introduction To Various Guidelines For Environmental Management Of Industrial Estates (Pages 3)
• Industrial Ecology: A New Concept For I Development (Pages 4)

PART III: COUNTRY PAPERS

1. BANGLADESH (Pages 7)

According to a study the Paper and Pulp Textiles (Dying and Printing) and Tanneries industrial sectors were found to be major polluters due to their high discharge level of organic materials and chemicals. In order to ensure the preservation of the industrial estates from pollution the BSCIC has framed a three chambered environment preservation committee. The committees scrutinise the probability of pollution from a proposed project before tendering approval, assess the amount of pollution by the existing industries and suggest measures to make them free from pollution. Extensive training programmes have been chalked out to appraise the employees and entrepreneurs about impact of pollution of the estates.

2. TAIWAN, REPUBLIC OF CHINA (Pages 13)

The end-of-pipe (EOP)  technology, proven to be costly and not environmentally beneficial,  decision-makers were motivated to implement GP. GP emphasized that productivity improvement and environment protection can be profitably harmonized even in small and medium scale enterprises. To accomplish GP, various management strategies, such as Industrial Waste Minimization, Recycle and Reuse, ISO 14001 EMS, and Cleaner Production are adopted. Since January 1999, the NSDC of the Executive Yuan has adopted the concept of industrial eco-system. Accordingly, the Sustainable Industry Development Office of Industrial Development Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs has included the development of industrial eco-systems in its overall action plan of coordination the national effort to pursue and ensure the sustainable development of industries.

With the slogan of "protecting the environment, treasuring resources, and developing forever" the HSIP aims to create an environmentally friendly park for the 21st century.

3. INDIA (1) (Pages 8)

The main objective of Punjab Pollution Control Board is to prevent, control, or abate water & air pollution and to restore wholesomeness of water and air quality. With the objective of planned industrial growth, the state government set up Punjab Small Industries Export Corporation. The Corporation developed several focal points, industrial estates, industrial areas, industrial growth centres etc. in the state. The main purposes of developing these Industrial Development Corporations (IDCs) are  to check the scattered growth of the industrial activity , to encourage the industrial growth within geographical locations centrally linked by transport, communication, water and power supply,  to confine the industrial activities in restricted areas so as the growth is in environmentally friendly manner etc.

4. INDIA (2) (Pages 7)

The Central Pollution Control Board at Delhi has formulated guidelines for establishment of industrial estates namely "Industrial Estate Planning". Some of the basic principles are:  Environmental evaluation of the candidate site, identification of quantity of pollution anticipated, identification of environmental impact, pollution abatement infrastructure, mitigation measures within the Industries, greenbelt development plan etc. As a novel method, the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) developed a procedure to make a single agency responsible for collection, treatment, and disposal of liquid effluents, solid waste and control of air pollution. An individual occupier need not pay much attention to the above except pre-treatment if necessary. The major environmental problems are treatment and disposal of liquid effluents, solid waste, and air emissions. The SPCB has come forward to assist industrial estates in establishing common treatment systems for liquid effluents. SPCB has already taken up feasibility studies on establishment of common liquid effluent treatments and solid waste disposal facilities.

5. INDIA (3) (Pages 14)

Public opinion and various public interest litigation against pollution have led to greater awareness amongst the industrialists, authorities and communities. The Gujarat state government has permitted the acquired area and developed various industrial estates. However, the GIDC is currently evaluating a proposal for development of industrial estates through the private sector. One mega industrial estate is planned near Ahmedabad, with all basic infrastructure facilities. GIDC is also considering private initiatives and huge investment in infrastructure facilities like Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETP), Secured Landfill, Common Incinerator, and Effluent Conveyance System. This Centralized Secured Landfill Facility has been certified under Environmental Management System standards ISO-14000. This is one of the very few such landfills in the world accredited under ISO-14000. Several hazardous waste management facilities coming up in the country. Studies are being conducted through agricultural universities to use some of the wastes as soil conditioners.

6. INDONESIA (1) (Pages 5)

Now the civil society and corporations are aware that this is the time to work together to find solutions to the hidden environmental costs of progress. To cope with the environmental problems, the government has appointed a Non-Departmental Ministry for Environment, and established The Environmental Impact Management Agency (Bapedal) as a Non-Departmental Government Agency to further strengthen and exercise functions and activities in environmental impact control. Jababeka, among other Indonesian international standard industrial estates, is a leading public listed company in industrial and residential property development in Indonesia. Having the spirit to "build total environment for industry," Jababeka, through its infrastructures and facilities, is continuously improving their service to the industrial estate occupants and future prospective buyers.

7. INDONESIA (2) (Pages 8)

Industrial zones are areas designated by the central or regional governments where industrial development should be promoted, based on sector or regional priorities and plans. Outside these designated zones, no other industrial sites should be permitted, in order to protect fertile agricultural land and the environment. However, many discrepancies still exist between planned and actual land use. In 1996, we developed our BSD Techno Park. BSD Techno Park is planned to only be filled out with thoroughly selected space-age industries that are non-polluting, more intellectual and natural, creating more international manufacturing advantage for business. Features of this facility include a flow system for the electricity power supply, water and waste water system, rigid pavement road, drainage system and wastewater treatment.

8. ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN (Pages 8)

The major problems and issues related to the management of industrial estates include the interfering environmental pollution, area limitation to future development, and enforcement of some special regulations. In recent years two old industrial estates (Alborz and Kaveh industrial estates) have been equipped with modern wastewater treatment plants. The Alborz industrial estate treatment plant with 90,000 cubic meters per day capacity is the biggest industrial wastewater treatment plant in the country. The effluent of these treatment plants is reused in irrigation systems. In addition, ISO 14000 has been established in 11 industrial complexes and units. According to Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline, new industrial estates have to assess their environmental impacts. Site preparation and performance activities should be done after adoption of environmental impact assessment statement.

9. REPUBLIC OF KOREA (Pages 8)

The environmental regulation upon domestic industries is increasingly being intensified coherently with the international environment regulation enhancement movement. We are facing the need to focus efforts toward voluntary environment-oriented activities instead taking a passive stance. We must also facilitate our industry development while efficiently reinforcing environment regulations on a daily basis. In recognition of these needs, the government enacted and decreed the "Environment-Friendly Industry Structure Transition-Related Laws", The support range of the current cleaner production technology by the government  with a great emphasis will be expanded in a large scale. The government will provide financial support and tax exemption to foster the recycling industry, Coherently, the industrial recycling plan also includes the improvement of recycling-related systems, such as the resource recycling system, on-site waste reduction etc.

10. MALAYSIA (Pages 11)

The Department on Environment (DOE) in Malaysia has adopted a strategy based on pollution control and prevention. The pollution control and strategy is implemented through the enforcement of the Environmental Quality Act, 1974.The measures include various aspects from implementation of  the existing legislation to control discharges and emissions from existing sources to strategy ensuring that  development contains both physical environment and quality of life aspects. Another aspect of the development function  is to promote environmental awareness largely through  education, wide dissemination of environmental information through environmental publication, seminars, etc. In recognition of the Department of Environment’s achievements in contributing to local and global efforts for the Environmental management, the Department was presented with the Stratospheric Ozone Award by the United States Environmental Protection Agency on 25 October 1996 whilst for its excellence in client services and its effort to promote public-private sector partnership under the Malaysia Chamber of Commerce and Industry awards the prestigious "Anugerah Cekap" (Efficiency Award) to DOE on 7 November 1996.

11. MONGOLIA (Pages 5)

The Mongolian National Productivity and Development center initiated the National Declaration on Green Productivity to increase Green Productivity public awareness. The Center worked closely with the Ministry of Nature and Environment and former Ministry of Agriculture and Industry to develop the Round Table Meeting on GP. In terms of the environmental policy, the Government will support the usage of environmentally friendly modern technology, protection and restoration of environment, and rational usage of natural resources. Currently, the country does not have any industrial estate. Therefore, I have come to this conference to learn from others’ experiences. Our organization would like to promote the establishment of industrial estate in Mongolia.

12. NEPAL (Pages 10)

In Nepal due emphasis has been given to study of the adverse environment effects of agriculture such as the residual effects of pesticide and chemical fertilizer use and the effects of unsystematic livestock farming. Present policy and practice of conserving environment and the formulation and implementation of the programs that empower people have, indeed, increased environmental awareness. The government’s policy of involving concerned NGOs, social organizations, communities and educational institutions in environmental awareness program has also produced positive result. The process of expanding activities favorable to the environment and the practice of environmental impact assessment has been started.

13. PAKISTAN (1) (Pages 8)

In order to strengthen Pakistan’s low industrial base, it was crucial to begin the formative phase soon after independence. Pakistan’s policy makers banked upon small industrial estates to groom an entrepreneurial class, which was not existent at the time of Pakistan’s creation. Pakistan’s first industrial estate "Sindh Industrial Trading Estate Ltd., Karachi" was established in 1947. The effluent disposal system for all estates needs to be renovated. All industrial estates, which were originally in the suburbs, are now within the municipal limits surrounded by commercial and residential areas, resulting in failure of effluent disposal and consequent pollution accumulation.

14. PAKISTAN (2) (Pages 12)

The Pakistan Environmental Protection Act of 1997 provides for the protection, conversation, rehabilitation and improvement of the environment, for the prevention and control of pollution, and for the promotion of sustainable development. But the coordination and decision making in the Government with respect to the environment is still too fragmented. This is partly due to the evolution of the environmental program in different steps and at different times and motivations. The industrialists, according to provision of lease deed/agreement and building byelaws, are under obligation to treat at the end of pipe the effluent before it is discharged into the drainage system of the industrial estates. Notices are served on them from time to time. The concerned agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency and various NGO’s, namely IUCN, GTZ etc., are also participating in holding seminars and working on advising technical support to overcome the problem of environmental hazard in the industrial estates.

15. PHILIPPINES (Pages 14)

The unavailability of landfill sites, the ban on the use of incinerators, the poor design of landfills as dumpsites, and the non-compliance to waste reduction approaches have all contributed to the environmental problems in Phillipines. There is a clear need for baseline data, an integrated waste management master plan and the promotion of recycling methods and by-product exchange. The Industrial Development Plan of the Philippines has strongly indicated that economic growth must be achieved without due strain on the environment. Now pollution prevention, waste minimization, and cleaner production have become the key strategies used by companies to improve their environmental performance. International Conference and Workshop was organised at Manila in April 2001 to facilitate information and experience exchange presently exists.

16. SRI LANKA (1) (Pages 13)

Since there were serious shortcomings and difficulties in the earlier legal framework, the Central Environmental Authority (CEA) was created in 1981. Major environmental problems encountered in the industrial estates are - discharge of effluent emission of smoke , emission of noise, discharge of solid waste disposal of storm water discharge of oil & grease. ‘Pollution Control and Abatement Fund’ (PCAF) has been set up with donor funding in order to provide interest-free loans, as well as free technical assistance to older industries that currently have pollution problems. In order to assist older industries in urban areas, such as Moratuwa and Ratmalana where there are problems of not having necessary space for the installation of treatment systems, the government with the World Bank assistance will set up Common Waste Treatment systems for joint waste treatment.

17. SRI LANKA (2) (Pages 14)

In Sri Lanka any industrial activity that will result in the discharge of industrial effluent or emission of known air pollutants is required by law to obtain an Environmental Protection Licence (EPL) prior to commencing operations. The EPL is a conditional agreement to ensure that the industry meets pre-specified national water quality standards. In Sri Lanka, pollution and waste problems have sometimes been severe enough that they have resulted in major conflicts between industry and the public. Asbestos is a known carcinogen and use of it is still very common in Sri Lanka. Considerable amounts of dust are released from stone crushing plants operating in several places in the country without any dust collection facilities. Finding suitable dumpsites for solid waste is also a serious problem. The government seeks to provide a ‘stable and sustainable’ macro economic environment, which will tend to accelerate industrial development. The government would like to develop an ‘Internationally Competitive, Export oriented Diversified Industrial Sector’ characterized by a range of high technology, "Non Polluting" industries.

19. VIETNAM (Pages 9)

Vietnam now has about 20 estates. The waste treatment systems of these estates are synchronous and advanced. Several estates even have individual power generating plants.

But waste water from enterprises in industrial estates is  rapidly increasing. WASEENCO has made policies that aim to upgrade the quality of the projects it implements. One of the main policies is to institute a quality management system in accordance with ISO9000 that will guarantee the quality of it’s efforts towards environmental protection, such as minimizing noise and producing superior products. Employees take part in training courses to enhance their understanding of regulations and standards that promote quality performance and environmental protection in accordance with water supply and sewerage aspects.

PART IV: APPENDICES

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS, RESOURCE PERSONS, AND SECRETARIAT (Pages 7)

SYMPOSIUM AGENDA (Pages 2)