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e-Books on Green Productivity

 

Training Manual on Energy Efficiency for Small and Medium Enterprises

Mr. Pawan Kumar, India, served as the author.

©APO 2010, ISBN: 92-833-7084-8

FOREWORD

bookWith the rising costs of energy and concerns about global warming, it is imperative that countries adopt the most efficient energy conservation measures and technologies. Energy conservation must evolve as a way of life in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region given the limited availability of resources. If we are to share commercial energy equitably across all sections of society, it is necessary to conserve energy and use it efficiently. Industries can become globally competitive when their production process consumes the least amount of energy.

For this purpose, energy audits and conservation studies must be conducted at regular intervals in all industries. One of the main bottlenecks in conducting these studies is the lack of technical information on various type of equipment and how energy performance should be measured.

The Working Manual on Energy Efficiency in SMEs is an attempt to address this issue in a practical manner. The manual is the outcome of a series of projects organized by the Asian Productivity Organization (APO) comprising e-learning courses, international workshops organized with the National Productivity Council, New Delhi, India and in Kish Island, Islamic Republic of Iran with the National Iranian Productivity Center (NIPC) and national workshops conducted by the author in 2008/09, during which the practical aspects of energy efficiency were discussed. The manual explains energy efficiency aspects for adoption by SMEs from various aspects, and is meant to provide the knowledge needed for energy efficiency adoption in the SME Sector as a complementary resource to the APO’s recently published manual Energy Auditing.

The Working Manual on Energy Efficiency for SMEs was developed by the APO to promote the energy efficiency concepts so that industries in the region can perform comprehensive energy audits and become more competitive. I hope that it will find wide acceptance among industry professionals in the Asia-Pacific.

Shigeo Takenaka
Secretary-General
Tokyo, February 2010

 
Download the entire e-book (4Mb)
INSIDE THE E-BOOK
List of Tables
List of Figures
Foreword
Chapter 1 FUELS AND COMBUSTION
1.1 General criteria for selecting the fuel type
1.2 Typical calorific values of fuels
1.3 Coal as a fuel
1.4 Oil as a fuel
1.5 Gaseous fuels
1.6 Combustion
1.7 Key result areas for combustion efficiency
Chapter 2 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BOILERS
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The heating surfaces in a boiler
2.3 Boiler types and classification
2.4 Performance evaluation of boilers
2.5 Boiler water treatment
2.6 Energy efficiency opportunities in boilers
2.7 Case study
2.8 Tips for energy efficiency in boilers
Chapter 3 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN STEAM DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Important properties of steam
3.3 The temperature-enthalpy relationship
3.4 Steam tables
3.5 Steam distribution system
3.6 Steam piping: good practices
3.7 Tips on steam piping sizing and layout
3.8 Maintenance of steam traps
3.9 Good practices for efficient steam utilization
Chapter 4 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN FURNACES
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Types and classification of furnaces
4.3 Characteristics of an efficient furnace
4.4 Furnace energy supply
4.5 Oil-fired furnaces
4.6 Typical furnace systems
4.7 Performance evaluation of a typical furnace
4.8 General fuel economy measures in furnaces
4.9 Furnace waste heat recovery
4.10 Tips for improving energy efficiency in furnaces
Chapter 5 ELECTRICAL LOAD MANAGEMENT
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Maximum demand basics
5.3 Load management strategies
5.4 Power factor (PF) improvement
5.5 Tips for energy-efficient electrical load management
Chapter 6 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN ELECTRIC MOTORS
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Salient aspects of motor performance
6.3 The types of motor loss
6.4 Energy efficiency opportunities in motors
6.5 Tips for energy efficiency in motors and drives
Chapter 7 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN PUMPS
7.1 Pump choices
7.2 Centrifugal pumps in brief
7.3 System characteristics
7.4 Typical pump characteristic curves
7.5 Flow control methods and energy efficiency
7.6 Pump performance assessment
7.7 Tips for energy conservation in pumping systems
Chapter 8 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN FANS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Fan types
8.3 System resistance
8.4 Fan performance assessment
8.5 Energy savings opportunities
Chapter 9 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN COMPRESSED AIR SYSTEMS
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Compressor types
9.3 Compressed air system components
9.4 Compressor performance
9.5 Shop floor methods for assessment and factors affecting energy efficiency
9.6 Energy efficiency opportunities in compressed air systems
9.7 Generic tips for efficient use of compressors
Chapter 10 ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Types of applications
10.3 Types of refrigeration plants
10.4 Performance assessment
10.5 Operational factors affecting performance and energy efficiency of refrigeration plants
10.6 Good practices for energy efficiency
Chapter 11 GREEN BUILDING CONCEPTS AND GOOD BUILDING PRACTICES
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Typical features of green buildings
11.3 Benefits of green buildings
11.4 Good practices in the building sector
11.5 Some other generic practices that can be adopted
Chapter 12 CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Objectives of CDM
12.3 CDM as a sustainable development strategy
12.4 Methodologies
12.5 Stakeholders and roles
12.6 CDM applications in industrial energy systems
ANNEX: SME energy efficiency opportunities assessment checklist
 

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